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In 3-1 B.C. appeared the State Kangyu and in 6-8 centuries appeared Turkic
Kaganat - the State of karluks, in 9-12 - the State of oguzes, Karakhanids.
In the beginning of 11 and 13 centuries there was the invasion of seldzhuks,
kidans and Mongols. Kazakh khanate was divided into zhuses at the end of 15century.
In 18 century the Junior Zhus and the Middle Zhus became naturalized Russians.
The Senior Zhus joined them in 60s of 19 century and all Kazakh lands were included
into Russian Empire (Semipalatinskaya, Akmolinskaya, Turgaiskaya, Uralskaya
and parts of Semirechinskaya and Syrdaryinskaya oblasts).
Soviet Power was established in November 1917 - February 1918, The Civil War
finished in March 1920. Kirgizskaya Autonomous Republic, included in Russian
Soviet Federation, was established on 26 August 1920, and was renamed to Kazakh
Autonomous Republic on 19 April 1925.
The land reform was done in 1921-22. All Kazakh Lands united in 1924-25. Since
5 April 1936 Kazakhstan became the Republic of the Soviet Union.
In October 1990 the Supreme Soviet of Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic passed
the Declaration about the State Sovereignty. In April 1990 the Supreme Soviet
founded the post of the President of Kazakhstan. The first president Nursultan
Nazarbayev was selected in 1991. In December 1991 the Parliament approved the
new name of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN